Fungal and yeast infections

Dermatophytosis
Signs and Symptoms
Tinea pedis (athlete’s foot) is the most common fungal infection in humans – Affected skin is usually pruritic, with scaling plaques on the soles, extending to the lateral aspects of the feet and interdigital spaces.
Tinea cruris (jock itch) – occurs in the groin and on the upper, inner thighs and buttocks as scaling annular plaques (is more common in men and typically spares the scrotum).

Treatment
For most patients, topical treatment with terbinafine, clotrimazole, or econazole cream is adequate when applied twice daily for 6 to 8 weeks.
Onychomycosis, tinea capitis, and extensive dermatophyte disease, systemic treatment is often necessary: itraconazole or terbinafine for nail disease, and griseofulvin or fluconazole for scalp or extensive dermatophyte disease.

Candidiasis
refers to a diverse group of infections caused by Candida albicans or by other members of the genus Candida.
Signs and Symptoms
Candidal intertrigo is a specific infection of the skin folds (axillae, groin), characterized by reddened plaques, often with satellite pustules.
Thrush is characterized by white nonadherent plaques on the tongue and buccal mucosa.
Paronychia is an acute or chronic infection of the nail …

Toenail fungus
Skin infections
Fungal infection
Amphotericin B
Griseofulvin
Tolnaftate
Ciclopirox
Caspofungin
Butenafine
Terbinafine
Terconazole
Voriconazole
Itraconazole
Fluconazole
Econazole
Clotrimazole
Ketoconazole
Miconazole
Nystatin
Natamycin

Fluconazole
is an azole antifungal medication used to prevent and treat a variety of fungal and yeast infections. Fluconazole is used to treat fungal infections, including yeast infections of the vagina, mouth, throat, esophagus (tube leading from the mouth to the stomach), abdomen (area between the chest and waist), lungs, blood, and other organs. Fluconazole is also used to treat meningitis (infection of the membranes covering the brain and spine) caused by fungus. Fluconazole is also used to prevent yeast infections in patients who are likely to become infected because they are being treated with chemotherapy or radiation therapy before a bone marrow transplant (replacement of unhealthy spongy tissue inside the bones with healthy tissue). Fluconazole is in a class of antifungals called triazoles. It works by slowing the growth of fungi that cause infection.

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Clotrimazole
is used to treat skin infections such as athlete’s foot, jock itch, ringworm, and other fungal skin infections (candidiasis). This medication is also used to treat a skin condition known as pityriasis (tinea versicolor), a fungal infection that causes a lightening or darkening of the skin of the neck, chest, arms, or legs. Clotrimazole is an azole antifungal that works by preventing the growth of fungus.
How to use
Use this medication on the skin only. Clean and thoroughly dry the area to be treated. Apply this medication to the affected skin, usually twice a day or as directed by your doctor. Dosage and length of treatment depends on the type of infection being treated. Do not apply this more often than prescribed. Your condition will not clear faster, but side effects may be increased. Apply enough medication to cover the affected area and some of the surrounding skin. After applying this medication, wash your hands. Do not wrap, cover or bandage the area unless directed to do so by your doctor. Do not apply this medication in the eyes, nose, …

Treatments for fungal infections
Antifungal drugs are used to treat mycoses. Depending on the nature of the infection, a topical or systemic agent may be used.
Polyene antifungals

Amphotericin B
Natamycin
Rimocidin
Filipin
Nystatin
Amphotericin B
Candicin
Hamycin

Azole antifungal
Imidazole, triazole, and thiazole antifungals
Imidazoles

Miconazole
Ketoconazole
Clotrimazole
Econazole
Omoconazole
Bifonazole
Butoconazole
Fenticonazole
Isoconazole
Oxiconazole
Sertaconazole
Sulconazole
Tioconazole

Triazoles

Fluconazole
Itraconazole
Isavuconazole
Ravuconazole
Posaconazole
Voriconazole
Terconazole

Thiazoles

Abafungin

Allylamines antifungal

Terbinafine
Naftifine
Butenafine

Echinocandins antifungal

Anidulafungin
Caspofungin
Micafungin

Others antifungal

Polygodial – most useful against Candida albicans
Benzoic acid – has antifugal properties but must be combined with a keratolytic agent
Ciclopirox – (ciclopirox olamine) – most useful against Tinea versicolour
Tolnaftate
Undecylenic acid – acid derived from natural castor oil; fungistatic as well as anti-bacterial and anti-viral
Flucytosine or 5-fluorocytosine – an antimetabolite
Griseofulvin
Haloprogin – discontinued
Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)

Antifungal alternatives

Allicin – (from crushing garlic)
Tea tree oil
Citronella oil – obtained from different species of Cymbopogon (Lemon grass)
Iodine
olive leaf
orange oil
palmarosa oil
patchouli
lemon myrtle
Neem Seed Oil
Coconut Oil
Zinc – in dietary supplements or natural food sources
Selenium – in dietary supplements or natural food sources
Horopito (Pseudowintera colorata) leaf

Lasers treatments
Lasers are being used for treatment of toenail fungus. This treatment is safe and has no side effects since the laser is applied directly to the infection.